POSSESSIVE NOUN

When you heard of Possessive nouns, just think of the word "possession" or ownership. A possessive noun can be simply defined as a noun showing ownership.

 

Observe the following examples:

 

Column A                                                                Column B

1.The Teddy bear belongs to Tina.                                 Tina's Teddy bear

2.The Teddy bear is owned by Aya .                               Aya's Teddy bear

3. The Teddy bear is possessed by Tina and Aya.      Tina and Aya's Teddy bear

4.The Teddy bear of the kids                                            Kids' Teddy bear

 

       Tina's ,Aya's,Tina and Aya's , and Kids' are examples of Possesive nouns. The words " Tina ,Aya and kids are originally nouns, but what makes them possessives is the presence of apostrophe ( ' )and "s". The presence of these suggests that a thing , or an attribute belongs to someone or something.

 

       "Apostrophe" and "s" signify possessives. So when you heard of the word possessives, come to think also of "apostrophe and "s". Forming the possessive nouns is just a matter of placing "apostrophe" and "s" in their proper places.

 

 

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Interjection

Can you determine the interjection in the following sentences? Give it a try! 

1. Oh! the baby is falling!
2. Mom allowed me to go camping with my friends .Yipee!
3. Ouch! You stepped into my foot! 

Interjections are short exclamations, we often used it in speaking to express our emotion. If your answers are "Oh!", "Yipee" and "Ouch!" then I should say  this interjection.. HURRAY! 

Interjections are easy to determine in the sentence, yet you must familiarize yourself on its usage. There are interjections used to express agreement, pain, excitement and many more.

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Adverb

                                      another part of speech that you should be familiar with


Find out the meaning of adverb by examining the following examples:

1.The robber entered the house secretly. (modify the word "entered" which is a verb)

2.She rode in an extremely fast train. (modify the word "fast" which is an adjective)


3.The athlete jumped incredibly high. (modify the word "high" which is an adverb)

Of course you had to understand the meaning of modify first.
Modify means to change or alter the meaning a certain word.
Modifying a word gives another impression or impact to the reader.


Adverb is a modifying word.

It modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb.

You should know that not all adverbs are ending in -ly. Just like in the example:

*She ran very fast when she heard the bell.

Very modifies the word fast, but it doesn't end in -ly.

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Adjectives

Examine the following sentences:

Sentence 1:I saw a bird on the tree.

Sentence 2:I saw a fat, young , red bird resting on the frail branches of a dying oak tree.

which sentence is more appealing to you?
which sentence creates a clear visual on your mind?

If you say it's sentence 2, what words help you visualize what the speaker is talking about?

*The words: fat, young, red, frail, dying and oak are called Adjectives.

 Adjectives are describing words.

 *Adjectives create a visual effect on the reader as if he or she actually saw what was described.

*Adjectives not only creates a visual effect but also brings emotion to the reader. 

*Famous writers such as Shakespeare pour a wide range of  adjectives into their scripts and these describing words are the ones touching the reader and making him or her feel like he is present on the scenes.


Let's Practice: Insert adjectives on this sentence to make it more appealing to the reader.

The boy is looking at the sky.  



  

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Abbreviations Vs. Contractions

Abbreviations:                                                     Contractions

• Mr.                                                   *can't
• Mrs.                                                  *shouldn't
• Prof.                                                  *isn't

Can you spot the difference?   


Abbreviations and contractions are both shortened forms of words but here are their differences:

1. Punctuation marks

       Abbreviations makes use of a "period" ( . ) at the end while contractions do not. They make use of an "apostrophe" ( ' ) to replace the omitted letter of a word instead.

2.Pronunciation

       An abbreviated word does not have a distinct pronunciation on the original word. For example, Mr. is the abbreviated word for Mister. You read both Mr. and Mister the same way. Whereas, a contracted word is pronounced differently from its original word.

3. Formality

     Most Abbreviations are not accepted in formal writing, such as "Jan. (abbreviated word of January). In most cases, abbreviated titles of professions are the only allowed abbreviations in formal write ups.

Whereas, using contractions are accepted, only that they are bounded by some usage rules in grammar.

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Answering Negative questions

Negative questions can somehow be tricky. You must always remember that:

 
"Yes" is a positive answer                                        "No" is a negative answer

                                                                                                                               
Positive questions                    Negative questions

Are you going to school tomorrow?          Aren't you going to school tomorrow?

Did you finish your homework?                          Didn't you finish your homework?
Is she going to the party?                                     Isn't she going to the party?   

Note that,the positive and negative questions in the examples has the same idea.The only difference is that, the questions on the right are asked in a negative way to emphasize something or to express a different emotion.The questions should not change the answer.

Question: Do you know Mr.Kito?    Question: Don't you know Mr.Kito?
Answer  : Yes, I do.              Answer  : Yes, I do

Question: Should I take this?     Question: Shouldn't I take this?
Answer  : No, you shouldn't.              Answer  :No, you shouldn't


     
  

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Positive and Negative Sentence

Determine the difference between these Sentences

Sentence A                                               Sentence B

I can read fluently.                              I can't read fluently.

She has a guitar.                                  She doesn't have a guitar.

They have questions.                           They don't have questions.

He is reading.                                       He isn't reading.

The ducks are afraid.                           The ducks aren't afraid.

 

 Can you tell which of the group of sentences is positive and negative?    

Positive sentences are statements that tells about facts.

Negative sentences are also statements but it tells that an idea is not true. The easiest way to identify a negative sentence is the presence of the word "no" and "not".

Now go back to the groups of sentences and recognize the positive and negative sentences!

But of course! You must remember that not all negative sentence has the word "no" or "not". There are other words that  have a negative meaning.

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